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精密貼片電阻的組成：

用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)材料制成的(de)(de)(de)、有一定(ding)結構形式、能在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中起限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過作用的(de)(de)(de)二端(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)元件。阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)不能改(gai)變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為固 定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)。阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)可變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)或可變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)。理想的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)是線性的(de)(de)(de)，即(ji)通過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)與(yu)外加瞬(shun)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓成正比。一些(xie)特殊電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)，如熱敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)、壓敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)和(he)敏(min)感元件，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓與(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)是非線性的(de)(de)(de)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)器(qi)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中應(ying)用數量最多的(de)(de)(de)元件，通常按功(gong)率(lv)和(he)阻(zu)(zu)值(zhi)形成不同系(xi)列，供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計者選用。

電(dian)阻器(qi)在(zai)電(dian)路中(zhong)主要(yao)用來調節和穩(wen)定電(dian)流與(yu)電(dian)壓(ya)，可(ke)作為(wei)分(fen)流器(qi)和分(fen)壓(ya)器(qi)，也可(ke)作電(dian)路匹配負(fu)載。根(gen)據(ju)電(dian)路要(yao)求(qiu),還可(ke)用于(yu)放(fang)大(da)電(dian)路的負(fu)反饋或正(zheng)反饋、電(dian)壓(ya)-電(dian)流轉換、輸入過(guo)載時的電(dian)壓(ya)或電(dian)流保護元件，又可(ke)組成RC電(dian)路作為(wei)振蕩(dang)、濾波、旁路、微分(fen)、積分(fen)和時間常數元件等(deng)。

精(jing)密貼片(pian)電阻的作用：

小(xiao)功率(lv)電阻(zu)器(qi)通常為(wei)封裝在塑料外殼中的(de)碳膜(mo)構成(cheng)，而大(da)功率(lv)的(de)電阻(zu)器(qi)通常為(wei)繞線(xian)電阻(zu)器(qi)，通過將大(da)電阻(zu)率(lv)的(de)金(jin)屬絲繞在瓷心上(shang)而制成(cheng)。

如果一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值接(jie)近零歐(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)（例如，兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)點之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)截面(mian)導(dao)線(xian)），則(ze)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)沒有阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)礙作(zuo)用(yong)，并聯這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)路(lu)被短路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)無限(xian)大(da)。如果一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)具有無限(xian)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)或很大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，則(ze)串(chuan)接(jie)該電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)回(hui)路(lu)可看作(zuo)開路(lu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)為(wei)零。工業中常(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)介(jie)于(yu)兩(liang)(liang)種(zhong)極端情況(kuang)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)，它(ta)具有一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，可通過一(yi)(yi)(yi)定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)，但電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)不(bu)像短路(lu)時(shi)那樣(yang)(yang)大(da)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)作(zuo)用(yong)類似(si)于(yu)接(jie)在(zai)兩(liang)(liang)根大(da)直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)管子之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小直(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)管子限(xian)制水流(liu)(liu)量的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，英(ying)文名(ming)resistance，通常(chang)(chang)(chang)縮寫為(wei)R，它(ta)是(shi)(shi)導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)基本性(xing)質，與導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)尺寸、材料、溫度有關。歐(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)定(ding)律說，I=U/R，那么R=U/I，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基本單位是(shi)(shi)歐(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)，用(yong)希(xi)臘字母(mu)“Ω”表(biao)示(shi)，有這樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)定(ding)義：導(dao)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)加上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)伏特電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時(shi)，產(chan)生一(yi)(yi)(yi)安培電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)所(suo)對應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值。電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主要職能就是(shi)(shi)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)礙電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)流(liu)(liu)過。事(shi)實上(shang)(shang)，“電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)”說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)性(xing)質，而通常(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子產(chan)品中所(suo)指的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)，是(shi)(shi)指電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)這樣(yang)(yang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)種(zhong)元件。歐(ou)(ou)姆(mu)(mu)常(chang)(chang)(chang)簡稱為(wei)歐(ou)(ou)。表(biao)示(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)阻(zu)(zu)(zu)(zu)值的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)常(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)單位還有千歐(ou)(ou)（kΩ），兆歐(ou)(ou)（MΩ），毫歐(ou)(ou)（m Ω）。