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    貼片鋁電解電容用在(zai)脈動電(dian)(dian)路中，造成(cheng)功(gong)率消(xiao)耗而發熱升溫的(de)主(zhu)要因素是紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)流（對較小容(rong)量的(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)器則是紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓）的(de)大小，一般(ban)提供的(de)失效率與溫度關(guan)系(xi)曲線大都(dou)是在(zai)無(wu)紋波(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)直流電(dian)(dian)壓下測出的(de)只(zhi)考慮了漏電(dian)(dian)流，比此(ci)時芯子內部中心溫度幾乎與環境溫度相差不多。

    可是(shi)在實際應用中，由于(yu)紋(wen)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)所(suo)導致(zhi)的發熱(re)能使芯(xin)(xin)子中心溫(wen)升，最高時可達(da)到幾十攝(she)氏度(du)。（芯(xin)(xin)子溫(wen)升取決于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)所(suo)處環境溫(wen)度(du)和對(dui)紋(wen)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)的控制(zhi)）。所(suo)以，高紋(wen)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)易造成芯(xin)(xin)子的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液干涸，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器早期(qi)失效。同(tong)時，長(chang)時間(jian)紋(wen)波電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)超過規定值，也是(shi)導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)器防(fang)爆閥打開的因素之一。

    2、選擇漏電流值較小的電容器

    作(zuo)為長(chang)壽命(ming)使用(yong)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)容，除了以上(shang)4點外加因素(su)的考慮(lv)外，在選用(yong)中(zhong)還(huan)要選擇(ze)在同類(lei)型中(zhong)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流特別小的電(dian)(dian)(dian)容器。這表(biao)明它具有較高質(zhi)量的氧(yang)化膜(mo)和合適的工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)。一(yi)旦環境溫度較高，相(xiang)應的漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流增(zeng)加就較慢。否(fou)則在互為影響的情況下(xia)，當漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流劇增(zeng)，內部溫度將上(shang)升，反過來使漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)流再(zai)上(shang)升，一(yi)直(zhi)惡化直(zhi)至失(shi)去熱平衡(heng)而(er)破壞為止。

    3、降低額定電壓的使用上限

    降(jiang)(jiang)低額定電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)使用上(shang)限(xian)，也就是降(jiang)(jiang)低介質氧化(hua)膜的(de)工作場強，對(dui)電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)將適用。降(jiang)(jiang)負荷一半后(hou)，電(dian)容(rong)器的(de)壽命能(neng)提(ti)高(gao)2個數量級之多(duo)。

    實際上鋁氧化(hua)膜如(ru)出現損(sun)傷(shang)和被(bei)腐蝕，修補氧化(hua)膜拜出只能在最高的(de)工作(zuo)電(dian)壓下(xia)進(jin)行，局(ju)部難于恢(hui)復到原始形(xing)成電(dian)壓值下(xia)的(de)氧化(hua)膜厚度，所以過分降低(di)工作(zuo)電(dian)壓，對鋁電(dian)解電(dian)容器也并不是最合適的(de)措施(shi)。

    4、降(jiang)低(di)所處環境溫度

    降(jiang)低(di)所處(chu)環境溫(wen)度，使電解(jie)電容不在上限類別(bie)溫(wen)度下(xia)工作，另外(wai)(wai)(wai)還(huan)要(yao)(yao)考慮電容器(qi)本(ben)身發熱(re)影響，這一點對液體(ti)(ti)電解(jie)質類型產品(pin)尤為重要(yao)(yao)。如果產生高溫(wen)，會(hui)使漏電流劇增(zeng)，氣體(ti)(ti)增(zeng)多，使外(wai)(wai)(wai)殼(ke)處(chu)于(yu)內(nei)壓急(ji)增(zeng)狀態；另外(wai)(wai)(wai)高溫(wen)能使電解(jie)液加(jia)速干(gan)涸(he)，相對縮(suo)短產品(pin)壽命。

    因此(ci)對長壽命要求的(de)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)來(lai)說，工作(zuo)溫度(du)應(ying)(ying)控制在50℃以下(xia)(xia)，這樣相應(ying)(ying)的(de)壽命約可提(ti)高1～2個數量級。例(li)如在45℃以可工作(zuo)20年(nian)的(de)計(ji)算機(ji)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)，在85℃下(xia)(xia)則只能工作(zuo)1～2年(nian)。如需要應(ying)(ying)用在上(shang)限(xian)類別(bie)溫度(du)（85℃），則電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)芯子中心溫度(du)應(ying)(ying)不超過95℃，而且(qie)還得(de)視所選擇工作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)的(de)性質而定。這種(zhong)高溫影響對固體鉭電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)來(lai)說，不如鋁電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)那么嚴重，但肯(ken)定也(ye)是(shi)有害的(de)。