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選擇適合的長壽命電解電容要根據使用場景來選擇電解(jie)電容的電壓、容量(liang)、等(deng)多個參數來綜合考慮(lv)，那么(me)長壽命電解(jie)電容的不(bu)同參數分別代表什么(me)含義(yi)呢？

（1）額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya) VR：是設計電(dian)容(rong)(rong)時設計的而(er)且表示在電(dian)容(rong)(rong)上的直(zhi)流電(dian)壓(ya)。對于鋁 電(dian)解電(dian)容(rong)(rong)，額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)≤100 V 通常叫做低壓(ya)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)，而(er)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)>100 V 稱作（中）高 壓(ya)電(dian)容(rong)(rong)，常用(yong)的額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)有 6.3V，10V，16V，25V，50V，63V，100V，250V， 400V，450V，500V，630V 等(deng)。

（2）工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)VOP：電(dian)(dian)容(rong)可以(yi)在(zai)額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)（包(bao)含一些疊加成份(fen)）下額(e)定(ding)工(gong)作范(fan) 圍內連續(xu)工(gong)作。允許的(de)連續(xu)工(gong)作電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)范(fan)圍為0V到額(e)定(ding)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)之間(jian)。在(zai)很(hen)短時間(jian)內， 因陰(yin)極鋁(lv)箔(bo)上有一層空氣氧化層，電(dian)(dian)容(rong)可以(yi)承(cheng)受不超過(guo)1.5 V 的(de)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。

（3）浪涌電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)VS：是短時間內可以加在電(dian)(dian)容上的最大電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，比如(ru)一小時內5次， 每次一分(fen)鐘。IEC 60384-4定義浪涌電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)如(ru)下：如(ru)果 VR ≤ 315 V，VS = 1.15VR， 如(ru)果VR > 315 V，VS = 1.10VR。

（4）額定容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)CR：是(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)設計和(he)標(biao)(biao)示的(de)交流電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)值(zhi)。CR是(shi)由(you)(IEC 60384-1 and IEC 60384-4)規定的(de)特(te)殊標(biao)(biao)準來測得的(de)，對于電(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)一般測試條件為2倍工頻 （100HZ 或 120HZ），室(shi)溫(wen)。另外，容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)誤差(cha)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)實際(ji)容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)離開額定容(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)分布范圍(wei)，一般會標(biao)(biao)在本(ben)體上，對于 AL 電(dian)(dian)解(jie)基本(ben)上標(biao)(biao)記為 M（±20%）。

（5）使用溫度范(fan)圍：即電(dian)容器能夠穩定工作的溫度范(fan)圍，目前常見的低(di)溫極(ji)限值大(da)致有-55℃，-40℃，-25℃幾(ji)種，高溫極(ji)限值大(da)致有 85℃, 105℃ ,125℃，130℃ 等幾(ji)種。

（6）使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)：使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)（也定(ding)義(yi)為服務(wu)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)及操作壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)）定(ding)義(yi)為電容不超(chao)過指定(ding)失(shi)效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)以達到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)。使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)是應(ying)用(yong)(yong)使用(yong)(yong)經驗以及加速老化試驗來得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。如(ru)果負載低(di)于(yu)額定(ding)值，使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)可(ke)(ke)以得到(dao)延長（比(bi)如(ru)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)工作電壓(ya)，電流及環境溫度），適當的(de)(de)(de)(de)散(san)熱措施(shi)也可(ke)(ke)以延長使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)(shou)命(ming)(ming)(ming)。

 （7）耗散(san)因數 tanδ：是(shi)(shi)等效串聯(lian)(lian)電阻(zu)與等效串聯(lian)(lian)線路里容性電抗成分的(de)比(bi)值，或者是(shi)(shi)在正弦電壓下有功功率（耗散(san)功率）與無功功率的(de)比(bi)值。

（8）等效(xiao)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)感 ESL：自身電(dian)感或者稱(cheng)等效(xiao)串(chuan)聯(lian)(lian)電(dian)感來源于接線端子(zi)及電(dian)容(rong) 內部設計。

（9）等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)串(chuan)聯電阻 ESR：是指等(deng)(deng)效(xiao)串(chuan)聯線路(lu)的阻性成(cheng)分。ESR 值與(yu)頻率，溫度 有(you)關(guan)，而(er)且與(yu)耗散因數有(you)關(guan)。

（10）阻(zu)抗(kang)(kang) Z：是指等(deng)效串(chuan)聯線路(lu)的總的電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)值(zhi)，它只要包括容量 CS的容性(xing)(xing)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang) 部(bu)(bu)分；電(dian)解液及接線端子的介電(dian)損失及歐姆阻(zu)抗(kang)(kang) ESR 部(bu)(bu)分；由(you)電(dian)容繞制(zhi)及接線端子產(chan)生(sheng)的感性(xing)(xing)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang) ESL 部(bu)(bu)分。ESL 只取決于頻(pin)率，而容性(xing)(xing)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)和阻(zu)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)抗(kang)(kang)則取決于頻(pin)率及溫度。

（11）漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu) Ileak：由于鋁(lv)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)特(te)殊特(te)性，其鋁(lv)氧(yang)化層(ceng)也充當絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)，在(zai) 直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓施加很(hen)長時間后，還有一個(ge)(ge)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)會繼續流(liu)(liu)(liu)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容。這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)叫做漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)。漏(lou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)小(xiao)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)絕緣(yuan)層(ceng)設計(ji)的(de)很(hen)好。

（12）紋波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)：用rms值(zhi)來(lai)標示流(liu)過設備的(de)交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，其(qi)原因(yin)是跳(tiao)動及浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian) 壓(ya)。最(zui)大允許紋波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)決(jue)定于環境溫度，電(dian)(dian)容表面積（散熱區域），耗(hao)散因(yin)數以及交流(liu)頻(pin)率等。由于熱應(ying)力對電(dian)(dian)容壽命有決(jue)定性作用，由紋波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)產生(sheng)的(de)熱量(liang)就是影響使用壽命的(de)重(zhong)要因(yin)數。