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1丶設計上考(kao)慮因素

在(zai)非固態電(dian)(dian)解液的(de)電(dian)(dian)容里(li)，電(dian)(dian)介質為陽(yang)極鋁箔(bo)(bo)氧(yang)化層(ceng)。電(dian)(dian)解液作為陰(yin)極鋁箔(bo)(bo)和(he)陽(yang)極鋁箔(bo)(bo)氧(yang)化層(ceng)之間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)接觸。吸收(shou)電(dian)(dian)解液的(de)紙介層(ceng)成(cheng)為陰(yin)極鋁箔(bo)(bo)與(yu)陽(yang)極鋁箔(bo)(bo)之間(jian)的(de)隔離(li)層(ceng)，鋁箔(bo)(bo)通過電(dian)(dian)極引(yin)接片連(lian)接到電(dian)(dian)容的(de)終端。

通(tong)過降低(di)ESR值，可減少電(dian)容(rong)內由紋波電(dian)流引起的內部溫升。這可通(tong)過采用多個電(dian)極(ji)引接片、激光焊(han)接電(dian)極(ji)等措施實現。

ESR值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流決(jue)定了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)溫(wen)升(sheng)。促(cu)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)能有滿意的(de)(de)ESR值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)要措施(shi)之(zhi)一是(shi)：通常用一個(ge)或多個(ge)金屬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極引(yin)接片連接外部電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極和芯(xin)包，降低芯(xin)包和引(yin)腳之(zhi)間的(de)(de)阻抗。芯(xin)包上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極引(yin)接片越多，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)ESR值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)越低。借助于激光(guang)焊接技術，可在芯(xin)包上(shang)加(jia)上(shang)更(geng)多的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極引(yin)接片，因此(ci)使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)能達到較(jiao)低的(de)(de)ESR值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。這也(ye)意味著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)能經受更(geng)高(gao)的(de)(de)紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和具有較(jiao)低內(nei)部溫(wen)升(sheng)，也(ye)就是(shi)說更(geng)長(chang)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)壽命。這樣做也(ye)有利于提高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)抗擊震動的(de)(de)能力，否則有可能導(dao)致內(nei)部短路(lu)、高(gao)的(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、容(rong)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)損(sun)失、ESR值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)上(shang)升(sheng)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)開路(lu)。

通(tong)過對電容芯(xin)包和鋁殼(ke)底(di)部(bu)之間良(liang)好的(de)(de)機械接觸及通(tong)過芯(xin)包中間的(de)(de)熱沉(chen)，可將電容內部(bu)熱量有效地從鋁殼(ke)底(di)部(bu)釋(shi)放到與(yu)之聯接的(de)(de)底(di)板。

內(nei)部熱傳(chuan)導設計對于電容(rong)(rong)的(de)(de)穩定性和工作(zuo)壽命極其重要。在EvoxRifa公司的(de)(de)設計中，負極鋁(lv)(lv)箔被延長到(dao)可(ke)直接接觸電容(rong)(rong)鋁(lv)(lv)殼厚的(de)(de)底(di)部。這底(di)部就成為(wei)芯(xin)包的(de)(de)散熱片，以使熱點的(de)(de)熱量能釋放(fang)。如選用帶螺栓安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方式，安全(quan)地將(jiang)電容(rong)(rong)安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)到(dao)底(di)板上（通(tong)常為(wei)鋁(lv)(lv)板），可(ke)得(de)到(dao)更(geng)為(wei)全(quan)面的(de)(de)具(ju)有較低熱阻（Rth.）的(de)(de)熱傳(chuan)導解(jie)決方案。

通過采(cai)用整體繞(rao)注有(you)電極的酚醛塑料蓋(gai)和雙重的特制的封墊與鋁殼(ke)緊(jin)密咬(yao)合，可大大減少電解液的損失。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)通過(guo)密封墊的(de)(de)蒸發決定(ding)了長(chang)壽(shou)命(ming)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容工作(zuo)時(shi)間。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)蒸發到一(yi)定(ding)程度(du)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容將最終失效（這個結果會因內部(bu)溫升而加速）。EvoxRifa公司設計的(de)(de)雙層(ceng)密封系統可減緩(huan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)蒸發速度(du)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容達到其最長(chang)的(de)(de)工作(zuo)壽(shou)命(ming)。

以上這些特性保(bao)證了(le)電容在要(yao)求的(de)領域中具有很長的(de)工(gong)作壽(shou)命。

3.2、影響(xiang)壽命的(de)應(ying)用因素(su)

根據壽(shou)命公式，可以(yi)得出影(ying)響(xiang)壽(shou)命的應(ying)用因(yin)素為：紋波電流(IRMS)、環境溫度（Ta）、從熱點(dian)傳遞到周圍環境的總的熱阻(zu)（Rth）。

1.紋波電流

紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的大小(xiao)，直(zhi)接影響電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容內部的熱點溫度。查詢(xun)電(dian)(dian)解電(dian)(dian)容的使用手冊，就可以得到紋波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)的允(yun)許范圍。如果超出范圍，可以采用并聯(lian)方式解決。

2.環境溫度（Ta）和熱(re)阻（Rth）

根據(ju)熱(re)點(dian)溫度的(de)(de)公(gong)式(shi)，鋁電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)應用環境溫度也是(shi)重要因素。在應用時(shi)，可以考慮環境散熱(re)方(fang)式(shi)、散熱(re)強度、電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)與熱(re)源的(de)(de)距離(li)、電(dian)解(jie)電(dian)容(rong)的(de)(de)安裝方(fang)式(shi)等。

電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)器(qi)內部的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)量(liang)，總(zong)是從溫(wen)度(du)(du)最高(gao)的(de)(de)“熱(re)(re)點”向周圍溫(wen)度(du)(du)相對較低的(de)(de)部分(fen)傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)。熱(re)(re)量(liang)傳(chuan)(chuan)遞的(de)(de)途(tu)徑(jing)有幾(ji)種：其一是通(tong)過鋁箔和(he)電(dian)(dian)解液傳(chuan)(chuan)導(dao)。如果電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)被(bei)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)散(san)熱(re)(re)片上(shang)，一部分(fen)熱(re)(re)量(liang)還將通(tong)過散(san)熱(re)(re)片傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到(dao)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)中。不同(tong)的(de)(de)安(an)裝(zhuang)方式和(he)間距和(he)散(san)熱(re)(re)方式都將影響(xiang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)到(dao)環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)。從“熱(re)(re)點”傳(chuan)(chuan)遞到(dao)周圍環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)中的(de)(de)總(zong)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)用(yong)Rth來表(biao)示。采(cai)用(yong)夾(jia)片安(an)裝(zhuang)，將電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)為(wei)2℃/W的(de)(de)散(san)熱(re)(re)片上(shang)，所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)值Rth=3.6℃/W；采(cai)用(yong)螺栓安(an)裝(zhuang)方式，將電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)安(an)裝(zhuang)在(zai)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)為(wei)2℃/W散(san)熱(re)(re)片上(shang)、強迫風冷速率(lv)為(wei)2m/s時，所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)到(dao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)熱(re)(re)阻(zu)值Rth=2.1℃/W。（以PEH200OO427AM型(xing)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)為(wei)例，環(huan)(huan)境(jing)(jing)周圍溫(wen)度(du)(du)為(wei)85℃）。